Mode Shape (Mode Shapes depends on the following parameters)

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Mode Shape Mode Shapes depends on the following parameters 1. Flexural Stiffness of Structural Elements 2.Axial Stiffness of Vertical Elements 3.Fixity 4.Building Height 5.Distribution of lateral Stiffness along the height 6. Stiffness distribution in plan. We generally prefer buildings with zero stiffness eccentricity 😁 which in practice is difficult. Some…

Captive columns are columns that have been partially restrained against lateral movements

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Captive columns are columns that have been partially restrained against lateral movements by strong infill walls; therefore instead of showing a ductile flexural failure they exhibit a brittle shear failure. Captive columns can be found in many buildings mainly due to the fact that the majority of structural engineers do…