Advanced Hydrology Lecture Note

Description

Name of Notes : – Advanced Hydrology Lecture Note

Introduction

INTRODUCTION : Hydrologic cycle, water budget equation, world water quantities, residence time, systems concept, transfer function operators, hydrologic model classification.

HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES : Reynolds’s Transport Theorem, continuity equation, momentum equation, energy equation, discrete time continuity.

ATMOSPHERIC HYDROLOGY : Atmospheric circulation, water vapor, formation of rainfall, types and forms of precipitation, precipitable water, monsoon characteristics in India, rainfall measurement, density and adequacy of rain gauges – Thunderstorm Cell model, IDF relationships, spatial averaging methods of rainfall; Factors affecting evaporation, estimation and measurement of evaporation, energy balance method, aerodynamic method, Priestly-Taylor method, and pan evaporation.

SUB-SURFACE WATER : Soil moisture, porosity, saturated and unsaturated flow; Richard’s equation, infiltration, Horton’s Phillip’s, and Green Ampt methods, parameter estimation, ponding time concepts.

SURFACE WATER : Catchment storage concept, Hortonian and saturation overland flow, stream flow hydrographs, base-flow separation – Phi-index, ERH & DRH, algorithm for abstraction using Green-Ampt equation, SCS method, overland and channel flow modeling, time area concepts, and stream networks.

UNIT HYDROGRAPH : General hydrologic system model, response functions of a linear hydrologic systems and their inter-relationships, convolution equation; definition and limitations of a UH;UH derivation from single and complex storms; UH optimization using regression. matrix, and LP methods – Synthetic unit hydrograph, S-Curve, IUH.

HYDROLOGIC STATISTICS : Probability concepts, random variables, laws of probability, PDFs & CDFs; Normal and Binomial distributions; Statistical parameters: expected value, variance, skewness, and peakedness – Fitting of a probability distribution, methods of moments and maximum likelihood: Testing the goodness of fit, Chi-square test – Frequency analysis: return period, probability plotting, Extreme value distributions, frequency factors, Log-Pearson distribution, confidence limits.

GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY : Occurrence of groundwater, aquifers & their properties, Darcy’s law, permeability, transmissibility, stratification, confined groundwater flow, unconfined groundwater flow under Dupit’s assumptions; Well hydraulics, steady flow into confined and unconfined wells; Unsteady flow in a confined aquifer.

Modules / Lectures

• Module 1: Hydrologic Cycle
• Module 2: Philosophy of Mathematical Models of Watershed Hydrology
• Module 3: Hydrologic Analysis
• Module 4: Hydrologic Analysis (contd.)
• Module 5: Flood Routing
• Module 6: Equations Governing Hydrologic and Hydraulic Routing
• Module 7: Hydrological Statistics
• Module 8: Hydrological Statistics (contd.)
• Module 9: hydrologic Simulation Models